Amakesi endiza, lezo ziqukathi eziqinile nezithembekile esizibona zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene namuhla, zinendaba yomsuka othakazelisayo. Umbuzo wokuthi asungulwa nini amakesi endiza usibuyisela emuva esikhathini lapho isidingo sokuthuthwa okuphephile nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwemishini ebalulekile sasikhula.
I-Emergence ngawo-1950
Igama elithi "icala lendiza" likhona kusukela ngawo-1950. Ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi amakesi ezindiza asungulwa okokuqala e-United States, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuyinhloko kwakusembonini yomculo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhendi ayevame ukuhamba amabanga amade phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene, ngokuvamile ngezindiza. Ubunzima bokuhamba, nesidingo sokuvikela amathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza emonakalweni, kwaholela ekudalweni kwamacala endiza.
Idizayini eyisisekelo yalezi zikesi zendiza zangaphambi kwesikhathi yayihlanganisa iphaneli ye-plywood enemiphetho ye-aluminium namakhona/ukufakwa kwensimbi. I-plywood yayibhekene nezinto ezifana ne-ABS, i-fibreglass, noma i-high-pressure laminate. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-engeli ye-riveted angle extrusion kwakuvamile. Lo mklamo wawunikeza izinga elithile lokuvikela, kodwa futhi wawunzima kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuqala Nokwandiswa
Njengoba umqondo wamacala endiza uqhubeka, aqala ukusetshenziswa nakweminye imikhakha. Amandla nokuqina kwawo kwawenza afaneleka ukuthutha izinto ezithambile nezibalulekile. E-United States, i-Air Transport Association (ATA) specication 300 yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengezinga lalezi zimo. Lokhu kwasiza ekulinganiseni ukwakhiwa kanye nekhwalithi yamakesi endiza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angakwazi ukumelana nobunzima bokuhamba ngendiza.
EYurophu nase-United States, ngezicelo zezempi, kwakukhona amazinga ahlukahlukene we-DEF STAN kanye ne-MIL - SPEC. Lezi zindinganiso zaziqine nakakhulu njengoba kwakufanele balandise ngokuthuthwa kwezikhali zempi ezibucayi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Isidingo samasosha samacala athembeke kakhulu sibe negalelo ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe becala lendiza.
Izinhlobo Zamacala Ezindiza
1. Ikesi Lendiza Elijwayelekile:Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ngokuvamile olukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezinga le-ATA 300. Inesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sokuzivikela futhi ifanele ukuthuthwa kwemishini eminingi evamile, njengemishini evamile yokulalelwayo, ama-props amancane esiteji, njll. Iza ngezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zosayizi, ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokulayisha izinto zevolumu ehlukene.
2. Ikesi lendiza elenziwe ngokwezifiso:Idizayinelwe ezinye izinto zokusebenza ezinomumo okhethekile, osayizi abangajwayelekile noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokuvikela. Isibonelo, ikesi lendiza elenzelwe umsebenzi othize wokubaza omkhulu lizoba nezingxenye zalo zangaphakathi kanye nesakhiwo sangaphandle esenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nokuma kwesithombe esiqoshiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
3.Ikesi Lendiza Engangeni Wamanzi:Isebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zokuvala uphawu nezinqubo, ezingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukungena kwamanzi. Embonini yokuthwebula ifilimu nethelevishini, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela imishini yezithombe ngesikhathi sokuthutha eduze namanzi noma endaweni enomswakama. Ekuhloleni kwangaphandle nokucwaninga kwesayensi, kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izisetshenziswa zensimbi azithintwa imvula esimweni sezulu esibi.
4.Ikesi Lendiza Elingazweli:Ifakwe okokusebenza okuphezulu okumunca ukushaqeka kanye nokubhafa ngaphakathi, njengamalayini egwebu akhethekile, amaphedi enjoloba ashaqisayo, njll. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha amathuluzi anembayo azwela ukudlidliza, njengezingxenye zemishini yokuthwebula ye-resonance kazibuthe embonini yezokwelapha, okokusebenza okunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza ama-chip embonini yezogesi, njll.
Kusetshenziswe Kabanzi
1. Imboni Yokudlala Umculo:Kusukela ezinsimbini zomculo kuya ezintweni ezilalelwayo, amakesi endiza ayinsiza ebalulekile yamaqembu omculo. Izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezifana neziginci namabhesi zidinga ukuvikelwa amakesi endiza phakathi nohambo olude oluya ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphimbo nokubukeka kwamathuluzi akonakele. Ingxenye ngayinye yesistimu yomsindo wezinga elikhulu, njengezikhulisamandla nezipikha, iphinde ithembele kumakesi endiza ukuze kuthuthwe okuphephile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kahle kokusebenza.
2. Imboni Yokukhiqiza Amafilimu Nomabonakude:Imishini yokuthwebula amafilimu nethelevishini, njengamakhamera, amasethi amalensi, nemishini yokukhanyisa iyabiza futhi inembe. Amacala endiza ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuthembekile kulawa madivayisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudubula emabhuloki asemadolobheni noma ukuya ezindaweni ezikude ukuze kuthathwe indawo, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kufika endaweni yokudubula ngokuphephile, ukugwema umthelela kukhwalithi yokudubula ngenxa yokushayisana nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokuthutha.
3. Imboni Yezokwelapha:Ukuthuthwa kwemishini yezokwelapha kumele kuqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha nokuzinza. Kumathuluzi ezokwelapha afana namathuluzi okuhlinza namathuluzi okuxilonga anembile, lapho anikezwa phakathi kwezibhedlela ezahlukene noma athunyelwa emibukisweni yezokwelapha, izimo zendiza zingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo okokusebenza ukuthi konakaliswe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwezisetshenziswa kanye nokunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuqhubeka kahle komsebenzi wezokwelapha.
4.Imboni Yezokukhiqiza:Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, ezinye isikhunta esinembe kakhulu nezingxenye azikwazi ukukhokhela umonakalo omncane ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Amacala endiza anganikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile kwale mikhiqizo yezimboni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudluliselwa ngaphakathi kwemboni noma ukulethwa kumakhasimende kwezinye izindawo, angaqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ayithinteki.
5. Imboni Yemibukiso:Emibukisweni eyahlukene, imibukiso yababukisi ivama ukudinga izinto zokuhamba ezihamba ibanga elide kanye nokuphathwa njalo phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene. Amakesi endiza angakwazi ukuvikela imibukiso kahle, igcine ingashintshile ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokusetha umbukiso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyimisebenzi yobuciko emihle, imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe yobuchwepheshe, noma amasampula ezentengiso ahlukile, zonke zingalethwa ngokuphephile endaweni yombukiso ngamakesi endiza, zihehe izethameli..
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, amacala okundiza asungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1950 e-United States, ikakhulukazi ngokwezidingo zemboni yomculo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ziye zathuthuka ngendlela emangalisayo, zaba nentuthuko ekuklanyweni, izinto zokwakha, nokwakhiwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuye kwanda ngale kwemboni yomculo, kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemikhakha eminingi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivikela insimbi yomculo ebalulekile ohambweni lomhlaba noma ivikela okokusebenza kwesayensi kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuthutha, izimo zendiza ziyaqhubeka nokufakazela ukubaluleka kwazo, futhi indaba yazo ingeyokujwayela okuqhubekayo nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-26-2025
